Matrix

A matrix is one of the most important structures in linear algebra for both organizing data and modeling transformations. A dataset is often represented as a matrix where rows are observations and columns are features. In addition, operations such as rotation, scaling, projection, and weighted combination are expressed using matrices. In deep learning, a significant portion of computations between layers is built on matrix multiplication. For this reason, the concept of a matrix is a foundational technical language in both data science and model architecture.