Hessian-Vector Product

The Hessian-vector product is a crucial tool for using second-order information without incurring the full cost of constructing the Hessian matrix. It is particularly useful in curvature analysis, second-order optimization, and certain meta-learning methods. Since forming the full Hessian is impractical in large networks, these vector-based computations are highly valuable. It is one of the advanced mathematical tools in deep learning optimization.