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Common Failure Modes

Infinite loop, wrong tool, hallucination cascade, context bloat — 7 classic agent failures.

2 hours1 resources
  1. Infinite loop — agent calls the same tool over and over. Fix: max_iterations + repetition detector.
  2. Wrong tool selection — wrong tool, wrong params. Fix: tool description quality + few-shot.
  3. Hallucination cascade — one step hallucinates, later steps amplify. Fix: intermediate verification + RAG grounding.
  4. Context bloat — tool results clog the context. Fix: result summarization, sliding window.
  5. Lost in middle (long trajectories) — model forgets the original goal. Fix: restate goal each turn.
  6. Capability misuse — agent invokes a destructive tool without authorization. Fix: capability gates + HITL.
  7. Cost runaway — agent burns $1000 overnight. Fix: budget tracking + hard limit.

All observed in real production agents.

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