Glossary Library

Technical GlossaryNatural Language Processing

Semantic Textual Similarity

A task that measures how semantically close two texts are regardless of surface-level overlap.

Semantic textual similarity plays a fundamental role in meaning-level evaluation and retrieval problems in NLP. Two sentences can express the same meaning without using the same words, or use similar words while meaning very different things. The task therefore requires deeper representation than surface matching. It underlies retrieval, clustering, duplicate detection, and text matching systems.

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Self-Attention

An attention mechanism in which each element in a sequence directly models its relationship with all others.

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Encoder-Only Transformer

A Transformer architecture focused on contextual representation learning and used mainly for understanding tasks.

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Text Normalization

The process of standardizing raw text at the spelling, formatting, and character levels to make it more consistent and processable.