Glossary Library

Technical GlossaryNatural Language Processing

Byte Pair Encoding

A tokenization method that builds a data-driven subword vocabulary by learning frequent subunit merges.

Byte Pair Encoding is one of the most widely known subword tokenization methods. It starts from small units and gradually merges the most frequent co-occurring pieces. This allows it to build an efficient vocabulary while still keeping rare words decomposable. It offers a strong practical balance, especially in generative language models and open-ended text systems.

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Text Normalization

The process of standardizing raw text at the spelling, formatting, and character levels to make it more consistent and processable.

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Unicode Normalization

The process of converting visually identical but differently encoded characters into a standard form.

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Stemming

An approach that reduces a word to a shorter root-like form by crudely stripping suffixes.