Null Hypothesis

The null hypothesis is the baseline assumption used in statistical testing. It is typically phrased as “there is no effect,” “there is no difference,” or “there is no relationship.” The goal is to assess whether the data provides strong enough evidence to reject that assumption. Its importance in scientific reasoning comes from putting skepticism first rather than assuming a result is true from the beginning. This logic is also widely used in machine learning experiments, A/B tests, and model performance interpretation.