# BPE Algorithm: Sennrich 2016 Line by Line — Pseudocode, Complexity, Edge Cases

> Source: https://sukruyusufkaya.com/en/learn/llm-muhendisligi/bpe-algoritma-sennrich-pseudocode-complexity
> Updated: 2026-05-13T13:00:26.070Z
> Category: LLM Mühendisliği
> Module: Module 6: Tokenization Microsurgery
**TLDR:** BPE mathematical anatomy. Sennrich 2016 paper line by line: pre-tokenization, byte-pair merge counting, greedy merge selection, vocabulary construction, encoding logic, complexity analysis (O(N·V)), edge cases (Unicode, whitespace, special tokens). Full understanding before implementation in Module 6.3.