# Quantization Mathematics: Symmetric/Asymmetric, Per-Tensor/Per-Channel/Per-Group, QAT vs PTQ

> Source: https://sukruyusufkaya.com/en/learn/fine-tuning-cookbook/ftc-quantization-mathematics-fundamentals
> Updated: 2026-05-14T14:42:56.927Z
> Category: Fine-Tuning Cookbook (Model-by-Model)
> Module: Part X — Quantization Engineering
**TLDR:** Mathematical foundations of quantization: float→int mapping formula, symmetric vs asymmetric, per-tensor vs per-channel vs per-group granularity, QAT vs PTQ, bit-width choice. Quantization characteristic of every tensor in Llama 8B's 32 layers on RTX 4090.